Chemical Peel / Glycolic Peel / TCA Peel
Application of a chemical exfoliant to remove damaged outer layers of skin, revealing fresher, smoother skin beneath. Depth varies from superficial (AHA), medium (TCA), to deep (phenol).
How it works
Chemical agents (glycolic acid, salicylic acid, TCA) disrupt desmosomes holding dead skin cells together and denature proteins in deeper layers depending on concentration. This controlled exfoliation stimulates keratinocyte turnover and deeper peels trigger collagen remodeling.
Reported benefits
- Uneven skin tone and hyperpigmentation correction
- Fine line and superficial wrinkle reduction
- Acne and acne scarring improvement
- Melasma treatment
- Sun damage and age spot reduction
- Skin texture smoothing and radiance
Regulatory status
Approved for: Cosmetic skin exfoliation and resurfacing
EU Cosmetics Regulation allows AHA in cosmetics up to 10% (pH ≥ 3.5). Higher concentrations regulated as medicines or medical devices. TCA peels considered medical procedures requiring physician oversight.
Approved for: Superficial skin exfoliation, Medical skin resurfacing
Similar to EU framework. OTC AHAs regulated by cosmetics law. Medical-grade peels require practitioner supervision. Specific glycolic/TCA concentrations governed by Health and Safety legislation.
Approved for: Superficial peels (AHA/BHA) — over-the-counter up to certain concentrations, Medium/deep peels — physician-administered
AHA concentrations up to 10% are OTC approved. Higher concentrations and TCA/phenol peels are medical procedures. FDA requires "professional use only" labeling above certain concentrations. Widely available at med spas and dermatology offices.
Practical details
Frequency: Superficial: monthly; Medium: every 6–12 months; Deep: once only
Results last: Superficial: 1–3 days flaking; Medium: 5–7 days peeling; Deep: 2–3 weeks recovery. Results last months to years.
Contraindications:
- Active herpes simplex (cold sores) — must pre-treat
- Recent isotretinoin use
- Darker skin tones (risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation for medium/deep peels)
- Pregnancy (deep peels)
- Open wounds or active skin infection
Always consult a licensed medical professional before undergoing any treatment. This information is educational only and does not constitute medical advice.