Moderate evidencemineral
Copper for Chronic Fatigue
Ceruloplasmin mobilizes iron from storage, enabling hemoglobin synthesis. Cytochrome c oxidase supports mitochondrial ATP production.
How strong is the research?
Moderate evidence
Based on cohort study data — strong observational evidence.
How much to take
1–2 mg
Deficiency rare but possible with high zinc intake or malabsorption. Monitor if supplementing long-term.