Alpha-GPC (Choline Alfoscerate)

3 studies · 2 supporting · 1 against

Alpha-GPC releases choline efficiently and crosses into the brain, where it's used to make acetylcholine and to rebuild neuronal cell-membrane phospholipids.

Dose: 600–1200 mg

Tested as: 600 mg/day for 12 weeks in mild cognitive impairment; 1,200 mg/day for 180 days in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's dementia

2 studies · 1 supporting · 1 against

Same acetylcholine-precursor mechanism; an acute dose is thought to transiently raise brain choline availability, sharpening attention and processing speed.

Dose: 315–630 mg

Tested as: single acute dose of 315 mg or 630 mg, cognitive tests given 60 minutes later, in healthy resistance-trained men