Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

1 study · 1 supporting · 0 against

Gingerols/shogaols are thought to downregulate NF-kB signaling and COX-2/5-LOX activity, lowering production of inflammatory cytokines and CRP.

Dose: 1000–3000 mg

Tested as: ginger powder/extract, 1-3 g/day for 4-12 weeks — effect on blood inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6), not a specific inflammatory disease

1 study · 1 supporting · 0 against

Gingerols and related compounds are thought to inhibit prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis (COX/LOX pathways) involved in joint inflammation and pain signaling.

Dose: 500–1000 mg

Tested as: dried ginger extract/powder, roughly 500 mg-1 g/day — knee and/or hip osteoarthritis pain

5 studies · 3 supporting · 2 against

Ginger's gingerol/shogaol compounds are thought to speed gastric emptying and act on serotonin (5-HT3) receptor pathways involved in nausea signaling.

Dose: 500–2500 mg

Tested as: dried ginger root powder, 500-2500 mg/day (most commonly ~1000 mg/day in 3-4 divided doses) — nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), first trimester | encapsulated ginger root powder / standardized gingerol-shogaol extract, roughly 0.5-2 g/day (also tested up to 1g/day as adjuvant, and 84 mg/day active gingerols/shogaols) — chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), as adjuvant to standard antiemetics | ginger powder/extract, fixed dose of at least 1 g given before or around anesthesia — prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) | ginger powder, roughly 0.5-1 g single or repeated dose before/during travel — motion sickness / seasickness

2 studies · 1 supporting · 1 against

Proposed anti-inflammatory action on prostaglandin E2 and other inflammatory mediators produced by muscle-damaging eccentric exercise.

Dose: 1425–4000 mg

Tested as: raw or heat-treated ginger powder/capsules, 1.4-4 g/day for several days around eccentric (soreness-inducing) exercise

1 study · 0 supporting · 1 against

How it was tested: Randomized double-blind crossover study: 1.2 g ginger accelerated gastric emptying and antral contraction frequency versus placebo, but produced no measured change in gastrointestinal symptoms.

Ginger accelerates gastric emptying and stimulates antral (stomach) contractions, a plausible prokinetic mechanism for dyspepsia symptoms.

Dose: 1080–1200 mg

Tested as: ginger powder/capsules, roughly 1.0-1.2 g/day — functional dyspepsia (early fullness, bloating, epigastric discomfort)