Zinc

Zinc strengthens intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1). It reduces intestinal permeability (leaky gut) which contributes to bloating, and supports digestive enzyme function including carbonic anhydrase.

Dose: 15–30 mg

Zinc supports esophageal and gastric mucosal integrity by upregulating heat shock proteins and mucin secretion. It helps repair acid-damaged tissue and supports the protective mucosal barrier against gastric acid.

Dose: 15–30 mg

Zinc is critical for both innate and adaptive immunity. It supports T-cell development, natural killer cell function, and neutrophil activity. Zinc ions also directly inhibit rhinovirus replication by blocking viral binding to ICAM-1 receptors.

Dose: 15–30 mg

Zinc is essential for cell proliferation, immune function, collagen synthesis, and antioxidant defense - all critical for recovery. It supports fibroblast function, DNA replication, and protein synthesis required for tissue repair.

Dose: 15–30 mg

Zinc is critical for DNA and RNA polymerase in rapidly dividing hair follicle cells. It modulates 5-alpha reductase (reducing DHT), supports keratin synthesis, and regulates the hair follicle growth cycle from telogen to anagen.

Dose: 15–30 mg

Zinc reduces 5-alpha reductase activity (lowering DHT-driven sebum), inhibits P. acnes bacterial growth, modulates inflammatory TLR-2 signaling, and reduces keratinocyte activation and comedone formation. Comparable to low-dose antibiotics.

Dose: 30–50 mg

Zinc is essential for retinal dehydrogenase activity (converting retinol to retinal for vision), melanin synthesis in the RPE, and antioxidant protection of photoreceptors. The macula contains the highest zinc concentration of any tissue.

Dose: 15–30 mg

Zinc is essential for nail matrix cell division and keratin protein synthesis. It regulates matrix metalloproteinases that remodel the nail plate and supports superoxide dismutase activity that protects nail cells from oxidative damage.

Dose: 15–30 mg